Journal of Chemical Reviews

Abstract This study presents an overview on the recent advances in fluorescence methods for detection of catecholamines. In the past few decades, development of fluorescence probe has appeared as an important research area, which attracted a remarkable amount of attention due to its considerable sensitivity, simplicity, and selectivity. In this study, detection of catecholamines based on fluorescent metal nanoparticles, fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles, fluorescent dyes, conjugated polymers, graphene, carbon nanotube sensors, biosensors, chemiluminescence as well as combination of Fluorescence methods with electrophorese, chromatography, electrochemical techniques, and Raman spectroscopy were evaluated.

Abstract Artificial polymer materials with several biomimetic functions with molecular identification competence, activity of catalytic and incentives-reactive functions are the definition of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Molecularly imprinting polymers can be formulated by forming complexes, the template molecule (its derivative or otherwise target molecule) and a functional monomer that also interacts non-covalently and covalently with the molecule of the template controlled by co-polymerization when a cross-linker is existent. The molecule of template is isolated, leave-taking at the back of schedule tie hollows harmonizing in shape, size, and functional set assemblage to the molecule of template, following the polymerization. There are several factors that should be studied in combination of MIP as these factors may affect the properties, morphology, and usages of the polymer. In synthesis method, the choice of chemicals has become the imperative influence in fabricating the effectual functional MIPs. The aim of this paper was to review previous studied through which the best properties can be obtained to prepare the molecularly imprinting polymers with ion selective electrodes for the determination of several types of drugs.

Abstract Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted great attention in distinctive fields such as anticancer, antioxidant, catalysis, photocopiers, rectifiers, solar cells and xerography. This has ameliorated an immense development of different synthetic pathways for SeNPs production. At present, preparation of SeNPs depends largely on known chemical and physical methods that involved noxious chemicals and harsh reaction conditions which have been identified as a major disadvantage and potential threats to environment, health and its usage. Alternatively, biogenic synthesis has gained popularity as it is eco-benign, cheap, clean, safe and generates minimal waste. In this review article, we summarized recent literature on green synthesis of SeNPs using various plants and the different plant parts which have revolutionized technique of fabrication for their applications in various fields. Due to biocompatibility of SeNPs, it has found its stupendous applications in biomedical field. The protocol, characterization techniques and biosynthesis of SeNPs along with various recent applications have also been discussed.

Abstract Nowadays chemists seem more interested in using less toxic substances, which may result in reducing the environmental hazards.Ionic liquids (ILs) are less toxic than many common compounds. These compounds have emerged as environmentally-friendly alternative to the volatile organic solvents and catalysts. In this research study, the properties and applications of some ILs including, chiral ILs, high energetic ILs, task-specific ILs, supported ILs, polymeric ILs, acid ILs, basic ILs, and organometallic ILs were investigated. In addition, the advantages of the ILs in organic chemistry as solvents and catalysts were discussed.

Abstract Diffusion coefficient (D) and radiuses of inorganic charge ions (R) in different environments is of importance in scientific fields, explaining certain features of ions. D values were obtained using the Einstein-Smoluchowski equation depending on limiting molar conductivity (λ^o) of inorganic charge ions. Inorganic ions have D values at the range of 1−3×10⁻⁹ m².s^-1,except hydroxyl and hydrogen ion (5.2×10⁻⁹ and 9.1×10⁻⁹ m².s^-1, respectively). The hydrodynamic radius R for diffusing ions was calculated using the Stokes–Einstein equation based on D values. Inorganic ionshaveR, values at the range of 1−3×10⁻¹⁰ m, except hydroxyl and hydrogen ion (R=0.47×10⁻¹⁰ and 0.27×10⁻¹⁰ m, respectively).

Abstract Method development is the process to prove that the analytical methods employed to measure the concentration of active pharmaceutical drug in a particular compounded dosage form is acceptable. This must be validated to provide accurate data for regulatory submissions. Aceclofenac (ACE) is an analog of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). The drug is used in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis ankylosing spondylitis, inflammation and relief of pain. The high importance of this class of drugs has prompted us to review the most important recent spectrophotometric methods for analyzing Aceclofenac in pure formulations, in various types of pharmaceutical dosage and in biological fluids published in the literature to date. They include spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and stability indicating methods.High sensitivity, speed, specificity and reproducibility make the use of these conventional methods for acetaminophen detection in routine analysis. They are time consuming, expensive and labour intensive though. Hence future research efforts are presumed to concentrate on developing novel methods to overcome these limitations.

Abstract Ameliorating the sustainable and eco-accommodating routes for the procurable synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a crucial aspect in the area of green nanotechnology. The known conventional routes for the production of NPs are complicated, noxious, expensive and not safer to human and environment. To overcome these threats, natural precursors such as biopolymers, plant, fungi, and bacteria have been used to fabricate the calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs). The shape, size, and applications of the CaO-NPs are prominently affected by the reaction parameters under which they are synthesized. Moreover, the CaO-NPs synthesized by green approach have found potential applications in a wide spectrum of areas including, catalysis, bio-ceramics, additive in refractory, biodiesel production, adsorbent, antimicrobial agent, removal of Cr(VI) and trans esterification of oils. This research study discussed various plants and the different plant parts that have been used for the synthesis of CaO-NPs. The protocol, characterization techniques, mechanism, and eco-benign synthesis of the CaO-NPs along with various recent applications were also discussed.