Journal of Chemical Reviews
8.1(Q1)
CiteScore
37
h-index

A Perspective on Ibuprofen Adsorption Studies from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon-Based Adsorbents: A Review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Ghazaleh Kouchakzadeh
Fatemeh Kazami Zahabi

Department of Chemistry, Khor.C., Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.48309/jcr.2026.548146.1504
Abstract
The persistent presence of Ibuprofen (IBP) in surface and wastewater represents a growing environmental and public health concern, prompting extensive research into effective removal strategies. Among available treatment approaches, adsorption using activated carbon and other carbon-based materials has proven to be efficient, versatile, and economically feasible. This review provides a critical analysis of recent progress in the synthesis and modification of activated carbons, biochars, metal–organic framework-derived carbons, and magnetic composites for the adsorption of IBP from aqueous solutions. Key aspects discussed include synthesis methods, surface functionalization techniques, adsorption isotherms, and kinetic modeling, and the influence of operational parameters such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and the presence of competing substances. The adsorption mechanism is predominantly governed by π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic attraction, and pore-filling effects, with enhanced removal generally occurring under acidic conditions. Although many newly developed adsorbents demonstrate high capacity and satisfactory regeneration performance, most reported studies are limited to laboratory-scale conditions with IBP concentrations significantly higher than those typically found in real wastewater. Future research should focus on developing low-cost, waste-derived adsorbents, conducting experiments under realistic environmental conditions, optimizing regeneration processes, and integrating adsorption with complementary treatment technologies to achieve practical, scalable, and sustainable removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from aquatic environments.

Graphical Abstract

A Perspective on Ibuprofen Adsorption Studies from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon-Based Adsorbents: A Review

Keywords

Ibuprofen adsorption
Activated carbon
Carbon-based adsorbents
Wastewater treatment
Adsorption mechanisms
Environmental remediation

Subjects

Content

1. Introduction

2. Search Strategy and Data Collection

2.1. Research methods

 2.2. Ibuprofen

 2.3. Activated carbon and novel activated carbon materials

3. Overview and Interpretation of Findings

3.1. Studies conducted on Ibuprofen removal

 3.2. Removal of Ibuprofen by activated carbon-based adsorbents

 3.3. Proposed mechanism of Ibuprofen removal

 3.4. Recovery and regeneration processes

4. Conclusion and Perspectives

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OPEN ACCESS

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Journal of Chemical Reviews
Volume 8, Issue 2
March and April 2026
Pages 322-348

  • Receive Date 20 September 2025
  • Revise Date 05 November 2025
  • Accept Date 30 November 2025

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