Sami Publishing CompanyJournal of Chemical Reviews2676-68684420221001Progressive Types of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Their Hybrids as Catalysts28831215226610.22034/jcr.2022.325255.1137ENHeshmatollah AlinezhadDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran0000-0002-7189-2961Parvin Hajiabbas Tabar AmiriDepartment of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran0000-0001-9065-1779Sahar Mohseni TavakkoliDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranRaed MuslimMuhiebesDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Misan University, Iraq0000-0002-4835-0873Yasser Fakri MustafaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq0000-0002-0926-7428Journal Article20220118Here, we discuss about several important procedures of preparing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and their hybrids as magnetically and recoverable catalysts. Magnetic nanoparticles could be simply separated by applying the magnetic interaction using a magnetic field. As classified in this study, several groups were used to develope a sequence of magnetic nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts in organic transformations and other usages. The progressive preparation of supporting materials is emphasized in this article to develop the quality of magnetic nanoparticles.https://www.jchemrev.com/article_152266_db96d5e92b0a81596568e7eea9cfc87c.pdfSami Publishing CompanyJournal of Chemical Reviews2676-68684420221001Chemistry and Applications of Azo Dyes: A Comprehensive Review31333015465510.22034/jcr.2022.349827.1177ENFateh EltaboniChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Qar Yunis, Benghazi, Libya0000-0002-4539-6833Nabil BaderChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Qar Yunis, Benghazi, Libya0000-0003-3990-9310Rajab El-KailanyChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Qar Yunis, Benghazi, Libya0000-0002-1104-0812Nada ElsharifChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Qar Yunis, Benghazi, Libya0000-0001-7339-6374Aziza AhmidaChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Qar Yunis, Benghazi, Libya0000-0003-3294-2839Journal Article20220701Azo dyes have a long history and establish a significant constituent in our daily lives. These compounds and their derivatives have several potential applications in different fields, including industry, environmental and biological researches. Different azo compounds were successfully modified to other derivatives, complexes, and polymers. In this work, we reviewed the chemistry and applications of azo dyes investigating organic chemistry of azo dyes, inorganic chemistry of azo dyes, analytical chemistry of azo dyes, and azo dyes-polymers.https://www.jchemrev.com/article_154655_047ad6f54ac616875de45d65020d94ec.pdfSami Publishing CompanyJournal of Chemical Reviews2676-68684420221001Review of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicity Studies33134515471510.22034/jcr.2022.342398.1172ENRupali CSheteDepartment of Chemistry, CKT College Panvel, India0000-0003-1694-2709Pearl RheaFernandesDepartment of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Milagres College, Hamapankatta Mangalore, IndiaBravish RajuBorhadeDepartment of Chemistry, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashi, IndiaAmit AnilPawarDepartment of Chemistry, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashi, IndiaMaryappa ChudappaSonawaneDepartment of Chemistry, Veer Wajekar A.S.C. College, Phunde, IndiaNikhil SanjayWarudeDepartment of Chemistry, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashi, IndiaJournal Article20220514In the last few decades, nanoparticles have been analyzed and employed in various industrial applications. Because of numerous features such as antifungal, photochemical, high catalytic, and antibacterial activities, cobalt oxide nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention because of high incidence of dangerous compounds and the harsh environments utilized in chemical and physical procedures of synthesis of different nanoparticles. Green Nanoparticles manufacturing approaches have been developed by employing plants, fungus, bacteria, and algae. There is a lot of research exploring numerous green production techniques in regulation to present confirmation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles of applications, biological applications, and non-hazardous effects. As an outcome, we have to gather pertinent review articles from inferior sources. Compared with chemical and physical preparation methods, the green synthesis route appears to be safer and extra environmentally forthcoming for the green preparation of the nanoparticles. However, its biomedical applications in this industry are daily in various procedures such as bio-imaging, biosensors, medication administration, and gene delivery. Moreover, cobalt oxide nanoparticles can operate as smart weapons against many drug-resistant microbes and are a talented antibiotic substitution due to their toxicity facial appearance.https://www.jchemrev.com/article_154715_1d0c5c4ac5b8016b1b9713e33c2cc7ab.pdfSami Publishing CompanyJournal of Chemical Reviews2676-68684420221001A Review on Phospholipid and Liposome Carriers: Synthetic Methods and Their Applications in Drug Delivery34636315553610.22034/jcr.2022.355104.1182ENSajjad MaghsoudiDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000000231555397Seyed Ali HosseiniDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-3969-3241Saharnaz RavandiDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0001-9339-9505Journal Article20220806In drug delivery, it is attempted to keep the biocompatibility of drugs in body organs. For example, it is needed to use a high dosage of anti-cancer drugs several times, which shows side effects such as hair loss and paleness. Therefore, the researchers developed phospholipids, liposomes, and micelles as carriers, causing to delivery of drugs at defined times and organs. In phospholipids, there are hydrophile group and hydrophobe chains the hydrophobe groups of acyles are attached to alcohols and makes various phospholipids. The most common phospholipids are phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanol amine, serine, etc. Liposomes are oily visicol in aqueous solutions. Also, liposome carriers are commercially found and the ratio of liposomes to other carriers has been reported. Micelles are comprised of oils in aqueous media. The co-chelating agents are divalent phospholipids of natural materials that are potent in the delivery of fungicides, protein, etc. Microgels are three-dimensional polymer networks colloidal gels. Hydrogels, another candidate for controlled drug release, have a special application in the field of controlled drug release, due to their high internal free volume with high fractions of loaded drugs.https://www.jchemrev.com/article_155536_14115f9f0764bc831ec20ca53b6a52fb.pdfSami Publishing CompanyJournal of Chemical Reviews2676-68684420221001Usage and Characteristics of Plasticizers as Ion-Selective Electrodes: A Short Review36437315599610.22034/jcr.2022.352071.1180ENAmina MohsenAbassDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-3043-9076Omar SalihHassanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, IraqAhmed Z. M.Al-BassamDepartment of postgraduate affairs, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-4241-2105Journal Article20220716Plasticizers is a type of organic materials that can be enhanced to polymers for improving their several characteristics; for example, mechanical properties and pliantness. Plasticizers are veritably significant for the construct of polymeric membrane for potentiometric methods, a significant type of sensors for electrochemical methods. The suitable application of plasticizers in the formulation of membranes for preparing electrodes. The character of the plasticizer effects fundamental operation pointers of the ion-selective membrane electrodes; for example, slope, selectivity, and the area of linear reply. A plasticizer in the membrane formulation has to be well-matched with the ionophore and polymer and have a small solubility and an upper lipophilicity in solution as aqueous. The selection of the high-quality plasticizer for the improvement of a membrane special to an accurate ion ordinarily includes experimental assessments to discover the ionophore with the plasticizer having suitable response properties of the ion-selective electrodes are acquired. Some instances of choosing good suited plasticizer for the formulation of selective electrodes responsive have been given for organic and inorganic ions.https://www.jchemrev.com/article_155996_dd182fa1dc8aa00ff6d4986ac85785fd.pdfSami Publishing CompanyJournal of Chemical Reviews2676-68684420221001A Comprehensive Review on Materials Having High Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Activity37442215637910.22034/jcr.2022.357844.1185ENFawad AhmadDepartment of Chemistry, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt., (47010), Punjab, Pakistan0000-0003-2404-5572Khusboo EKainatDepartment of Chemistry, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt., (47010), Punjab, Pakistan0000-0002-9582-981XUmer FarooqDepartment of Physics, Division of Science and technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan0000-0002-8226-5605Journal Article20220825Several main energy conversion technologies need the improvement of extremely active, enduring, and economical catalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction process. Some power conversion techniques including fuel cells and metal air batteries are efficient for the oxygen reduction process. The current improvements in platinum-based materials and platinum-free materials for fuel cell ORR catalysis are studied. Six primary types of contemporary ORR electrocatalysts are elaborated. Moreover, the efficiency of the resulting catalysts in respect of mass activity, kinetic current density, power density, and their inclusion into fuel cell processes, are also investigated. The benefits, drawbacks, performance of catalysts, and the need of rational design methods at the fuel-cell level are emphasized. Furthermore, the core issues, constraints, and possibilities are reviewed for developing inexpensive, more functional active, and stable electrocatalysts in the future.https://www.jchemrev.com/article_156379_3d6980503b7d3e454c884f832005b9ff.pdf